As a subject matter expert in the field of physical chemistry, I can explain the process of dissolution and the factors that affect it, such as temperature.

English Answer:

When a solute dissolves in a solvent, it involves the process of solute particles breaking away from the solid structure and being surrounded by solvent molecules. This process is known as solvation. The rate at which solvation occurs is influenced by temperature. Hot water is at a higher temperature, which means the water molecules have more kinetic energy. This increased kinetic energy results in a faster movement of water molecules, which in turn causes more frequent collisions with solute particles. The greater the frequency of collisions, the more likely the solute particles are to break away from the solid and dissolve.

Additionally, the increased temperature can also weaken the intermolecular forces within the solute itself, making it easier for the solute to separate into individual particles that can be surrounded by water molecules. This is particularly true for ionic and covalent compounds, where the application of heat can help to overcome the electrostatic forces holding the ions or molecules together.

In summary, things dissolve faster in hot water because the higher temperature increases the kinetic energy of the water molecules, leading to more frequent and effective collisions with solute particles, and potentially weakening the intermolecular forces within the solute.

中文回答：

当溶质在溶剂中溶解时，涉及溶质粒子从固体结构中分离出来并被溶剂分子包围的过程，这个过程被称为溶剂化。溶剂化的速率受到温度的影响。热水处于更高的温度，这意味着水分子具有更多的动能。这种增加的动能导致水分子运动更快，从而与溶质粒子发生更频繁的碰撞。碰撞的频率越高，溶质粒子就越有可能从固体中分离出来并溶解。

此外，增加的温度还可以削弱溶质内部的分子间力，使溶质更容易分离成可以被水分子包围的单个粒子。这对于离子和共价化合物尤其如此，其中热量的应用可以帮助克服将离子或分子聚集在一起的静电力。

总结来说，物质在热水中溶解得更快，是因为更高的温度增加了水分子的动能，导致与溶质粒子发生更频繁和有效的碰撞，并可能削弱溶质内部的分子间力。

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Sugar dissolves faster in hot water than it does in cold water because hot water has more energy than cold water. When water is heated, the molecules gain energy and, thus, move faster. As they move faster, they come into contact with the sugar more often, causing it to dissolve faster.read more >>