As an energy sector expert with a keen interest in global energy dynamics, I've closely observed the energy landscape of India, a diverse and populous country with a rapidly growing economy. The main source of energy in India has traditionally been coal, which has been the backbone of the country's energy mix for a long time. However, the scenario is evolving with a growing emphasis on diversification and renewable energy.

India is indeed endowed with a variety of energy resources, both exhaustible and renewable. The country's energy policy, particularly up until the end of the 1980s, was heavily reliant on the availability of indigenous resources. Among these, coal has been the most significant, accounting for a substantial portion of the country's energy supply. The abundance of coal reserves has made it a preferred choice for power generation due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of availability.

However, with the global shift towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, India has been actively pursuing a transformation in its energy sector. The government has initiated numerous policies and programs to promote the use of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. The "National Solar Mission" is a prime example of this initiative, aiming to significantly increase the share of solar power in India's energy mix.

Despite these efforts, coal continues to dominate India's energy landscape, primarily due to its widespread use in the country's thermal power plants. Oil and natural gas are also significant contributors to the energy mix, particularly in the transportation and industrial sectors. Natural gas, being cleaner than coal and oil, is increasingly being favored for power generation and as a feedstock in various industries.

The Indian government recognizes the importance of energy security and the need for a sustainable energy future. As such, there has been a strategic push towards enhancing domestic exploration and production of hydrocarbons, improving energy efficiency, and fostering research and development in alternative energy technologies.

In conclusion, while coal remains the primary energy source in India, there is a clear and deliberate movement towards a more diversified and sustainable energy mix. The future of India's energy sector will likely see a more balanced approach, integrating both traditional and renewable sources to meet the country's growing energy demands while addressing environmental concerns.

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India is well-endowed with both exhaustible and renewable energy resources. Coal, oil, and natural gas are the three primary commercial energy sources. India's energy policy, till the end of the 1980s, was mainly based on availability of indigenous resources. Coal was by far the largest source of energy.read more >>