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An adverb clause is a type of subordinate clause that functions as an adverb within a sentence. It provides additional information about when, where, why, how, or under what conditions the main clause action takes place. Adverb clauses are versatile and can modify various parts of speech, including verbs, adverbs, and adjectives.

### Structure of Adverb Clauses
Adverb clauses are composed of three main parts:

1. Subordinating conjunction: This is the word that introduces the clause and indicates the relationship between the adverb clause and the main clause. Common subordinating conjunctions include "after," "if," "because," "although," "since," "when," "where," "as," "while," "before," "though," "unless," and many others.

2. Subject: The subject of the adverb clause is the noun or pronoun that performs the action or is in the state described by the predicate.

3. Predicate: The predicate includes the verb and any additional information about the subject, such as objects or modifiers.

### Types of Adverb Clauses
Adverb clauses can be categorized based on the type of information they provide:

1. Time Clauses: These indicate when the action of the main clause occurs. They often start with words like "when," "while," "as," "before," and "after."

2. Condition Clauses: They express a condition that must be met for the action in the main clause to happen. Words like "if," "unless," "provided that," and "in case" are commonly used.

3. Reason Clauses: These explain why the main clause action takes place, starting with "because," "since," "as," or "now that."

4. Concession Clauses: They show that something is true despite the main clause action, often beginning with "although," "though," "despite," or "even though."

5. Purpose Clauses: Indicating the reason or purpose for the action, they often start with "so that," "in order that," or "lest."

6. Manner Clauses: Describing how something is done, they can begin with "as" or "as if."
7.
Place Clauses: Indicating where the action occurs, they might start with "where" or "wherever."

### Usage in Sentences
Adverb clauses can appear at different positions within a sentence:
- Initial Position: When the adverb clause comes at the beginning, it often separates with a comma from the main clause.
- Middle Position: If the clause is in the middle, it will be set off by commas on both sides.
- Final Position: When placed at the end, it is typically separated by a comma from the main clause.

### Examples

1. Time Clause: "After I finish my homework, I will go out to play."

2. Condition Clause: "If it rains, we will cancel the picnic."

3. Reason Clause: "She was happy because she got a promotion."

4. Concession Clause: "Although it was raining, they continued with the game."

5. Purpose Clause: "He worked hard so that he could afford a new car."

6. Manner Clause: "She did it as her mother had taught her."
7.
Place Clause: "Wherever you go, there I will be."

### Reducing Adverb Clauses
In some cases, adverb clauses can be reduced to participle phrases or prepositional phrases when the subject of the adverb clause and the subject of the main clause are the same, and the verb in the adverb clause is in the present or past participle form.

### Conclusion
Understanding adverb clauses is crucial for constructing complex sentences that convey nuanced meanings. They are a powerful tool for enhancing the depth and detail of written and spoken language. By mastering the use of adverb clauses, one can express a wide range of temporal, conditional, and logical relationships within a sentence.

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An adverb clause is a group of words that function as an adverb. The clause can modify verbs, adverbs and adjectives by telling when, where, why, how, how much and under what condition. They begin with a subordinating conjunction (such as after, if, because and although) and they contain a subject and a predicate.read more >>