As an expert in political ideologies, I can provide an overview of what communism was originally intended to be, based on its theoretical foundations and historical context. It's important to note that interpretations of communism can vary, and this answer will focus on the principles as they were articulated by its most prominent theorists, such as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Communism, in its purest form, is a socio-economic system that aims to establish a classless society where the means of production are owned and controlled by the community as a whole. This is a system where wealth and resources are distributed according to the needs of each individual, rather than being accumulated by a select few. The concept of communism is rooted in the critique of capitalism and the belief that it inherently leads to social inequality and exploitation.

Karl Marx, one of the most influential figures in developing communist theory, argued that the capitalist system is based on the exploitation of the working class, or the proletariat, by the bourgeoisie, the class that owns the means of production. Marx believed that this exploitation would lead to class struggle and ultimately to the overthrow of capitalism.

The Communist Manifesto, written by Marx and Engels, outlines the vision of a communist society. It calls for the abolition of private property and the establishment of a system where "the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all." This would be achieved through a proletarian revolution, which would dismantle the capitalist state and replace it with a socialist state that would eventually evolve into a communist society.

In a communist society, according to Marx, several key changes would occur:


1. Abolition of Private Property: The means of production, such as factories, land, and resources, would be owned collectively.

2. Collective Ownership: Everything produced would belong to the community, and decisions about production would be made collectively.

3. Distribution According to Need: Resources would be allocated based on the needs of each member of society, rather than their ability to pay or their social status.

4. Abolition of Class Distinctions: There would be no social classes, and everyone would have equal access to resources and opportunities.
5. **Common Ownership of the Means of Production**: This would eliminate the exploitation of workers and the creation of a surplus value that benefits only the owners of production.

6. Proletarian Dictatorship: Initially, a transitional phase might be necessary, where the working class would rule to prevent the bourgeoisie from regaining power.

Marx and Engels envisioned a future where the state would wither away as it is no longer necessary, leading to a stateless society where people cooperate freely and work towards the common good.

However, it's crucial to acknowledge that the actual implementation of communism in various countries has often diverged significantly from these theoretical ideals. The historical record shows that attempts to establish communist societies have been fraught with challenges, including authoritarian governance, economic inefficiencies, and a lack of political and personal freedoms.

Now, let's proceed with the translation into Chinese.

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Though the term "communism" can refer to specific political parties, at its core, communism is an ideology of economic equality through the elimination of private property. The beliefs of communism, most famously expressed by Karl Marx, center on the idea that inequality and suffering result from capitalism.Jan 30, 2014read more >>