As an expert in the field of theoretical physics and the history of science, it is important to note that comparing the intelligence of historical figures like Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking is a complex and nuanced task. Both scientists made significant contributions to our understanding of the universe and the laws that govern it, but their work was done in different contexts and focused on different areas of physics.
Step 1: English Answer
When we consider the question of who is "smarter," we must first define what we mean by "smart." If we are referring to raw intellectual capacity or IQ, it is difficult to make a direct comparison, as IQ tests and the concept of intelligence have evolved over time. Moreover, both Einstein and Hawking were not tested using the same IQ tests, if at all, and their intelligence is more accurately reflected in their contributions to science rather than a numerical score.
Albert Einstein, born in 1879, is best known for his theory of relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity. His famous equation, \( E = mc^2 \), demonstrated the equivalence of mass and energy, and it has had profound implications for the development of nuclear power and weapons. Einstein's work earned him the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics," particularly for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.
Stephen Hawking, on the other hand, was born much later, in 1942, and his work focused on cosmology and quantum gravity, particularly on the behavior of black holes and the nature of the universe's origin. His book "A Brief History of Time" brought complex scientific concepts to a broader audience and made him a household name. Hawking's work on the nature of black holes and the "Hawking radiation" that they emit has been pivotal in our understanding of these mysterious celestial bodies.
It is also worth noting that both scientists faced significant personal challenges. Einstein worked on his theories during a time when the scientific community was divided and the world was on the brink of war. Hawking, meanwhile, was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at a young age and was given only a few years to live, yet he continued to work and contribute to science for decades.
The comparison becomes even more complex when we consider the impact of their work on society and culture. Einstein's theories have had wide-ranging effects on everything from philosophy to technology, while Hawking's work has inspired a new generation of scientists and has been a significant part of popular culture.
In conclusion, while it is tempting to try to quantify intelligence and compare these two great minds, it is more productive to appreciate the unique contributions that each has made to our understanding of the universe. Their legacies are not defined by a measure of intelligence, but by the lasting impact of their work and the inspiration they have provided to countless individuals.
**read more >>

Lydia Sebastian achieved the top score of 162 on Mensa's Cattell III B paper, suggesting she has a higher IQ than well-known geniuses Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. ... "I don't think I can be compared to such great intellectuals such as Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. They've achieved so much.Sep 9, 2015read more >>