Guru Hargobind, revered as the sixth Nanak, was a pivotal figure in the Sikh tradition, serving as the sixth Guru of the Sikh religion from 1604 until his death in 1644. His tenure as Guru was marked by significant developments in the Sikh community, both in terms of spiritual leadership and political resistance against the oppressive Mughal rule of the time. Born on June 19, 1595, Guru Hargobind succeeded his father, Guru Arjan, who was executed by the Mughal emperor Jahangir. This tragic event was a turning point for the Sikh faith, as it led to the transformation of the Sikh community from a purely spiritual entity to one that was also prepared to defend its rights and freedoms. One of the most notable contributions of Guru Hargobind was the establishment of the concept of "Miri-Piri," which signifies the balance between the temporal (Miri) and spiritual (Piri) realms. He believed that a Sikh ruler should not only be a spiritual guide but also a temporal one, capable of defending the community against injustice. In 1606, Guru Hargobind founded the city of Amethi, which was strategically located to serve as a defensive stronghold. He also constructed the Akal Takht (Throne of the Timeless One), a symbol of temporal authority that stood alongside the Golden Temple, the spiritual center of the Sikhs. Another significant aspect of Guru Hargobind's legacy is his role in militarizing the Sikh community. He introduced the use of arms and the concept of a Sikh army, known as the Sarbat Khalsa. This was a response to the increasing hostility and persecution faced by the Sikhs under the Mughal rule. Guru Hargobind himself was imprisoned twice by the Mughals, first in Gwalior Fort and later in Kabul, but he was eventually released due to his diplomatic skills and the pressure from his followers. Guru Hargobind's tenure also saw the development of a distinct Sikh identity. He introduced the practice of wearing two swords, one representing spiritual authority (Piri) and the other representing political authority (Miri). This symbolized the Sikh commitment to uphold both spiritual and temporal justice. In terms of religious contributions, Guru Hargobind compiled the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism, and added his own hymns to it. His hymns, known as Shabads, are a testament to his deep spiritual insight and his commitment to the principles of equality, justice, and freedom. Guru Hargobind's leadership was characterized by a strong sense of justice and a willingness to stand up against tyranny. His legacy continues to inspire Sikhs around the world, who view him as a champion of both spiritual enlightenment and social justice. In conclusion, Guru Hargobind's tenure as the sixth Sikh Guru was marked by his efforts to balance spiritual and temporal authority, his resistance against the oppressive Mughal rule, and his contributions to the development of a unique Sikh identity. His life and teachings continue to be a source of inspiration for the Sikh community and a testament to the enduring principles of justice and freedom. read more >>

Guru Hargobind ([--?ru h??--ob?nd] 19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644), revered as the sixth Nanak, was the sixth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion. He had become Guru at the young age of eleven, after the execution of his father, Guru Arjan, by the Mughal emperor Jahangir.read more >>