Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses the body's immune system to fight cancer cells. There are several types of immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are designed to enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and attack cancer cells. PD-1 inhibitors and CTLA-4 inhibitors are two types of immune checkpoint inhibitors. PD-1 inhibitors treat a range of cancers by blocking the PD-1 protein, which cancer cells use to protect themselves from being attacked by the immune system. These inhibitors have been used successfully to treat melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancers, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. CTLA-4 inhibitors work by turning off a checkpoint called CTLA-4, which is also found on T cells. This allows the immune system to attack cancer cells more effectively. One CTLA-4 inhibitor is currently being used for melanoma, and others are being investigated for their potential use in treating other types of cancer. read more >>

PD-1 inhibitors treat melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancers, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. CTLA-4 inhibitors turn off a checkpoint called CTLA-4, which is also found on T cells. One is being used for melanoma, and others are being studied in other cancer types.read more >>