Hyperpolarization and depolarization are two distinct processes that occur in the context of a neuron's membrane potential. As a domain expert in neuroscience, I can explain the differences and the mechanisms behind each process. Hyperpolarization is the process where the membrane potential of a neuron becomes more negative. This typically occurs when there is an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane to potassium ions (K+), which are more concentrated inside the cell. As these positively charged ions move out of the cell, they increase the difference in charge across the membrane, making it more negative. Depolarization, on the other hand, is the process where the membrane potential becomes less negative (or more positive). This is often caused by the opening of ion channels that allow positively charged ions, such as sodium ions (Na+), to flow into the cell. The influx of these ions reduces the difference in charge across the membrane, making the inside of the cell less negative relative to the outside. In summary, hyperpolarization and depolarization are opposite processes that affect the membrane potential of a neuron in opposite directions. read more >>

Hyperpolarization is when the membrane potential becomes more negative at a particular spot on the neuron's membrane, while depolarization is when the membrane potential becomes less negative (more positive). ... The opening of channels that let positive ions flow into the cell can cause depolarization.read more >>