As a cardiac electrophysiologist, I specialize in the study of the electrical activity of the heart. The
P wave,
QRS complex, and
T wave are fundamental components of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), which is a graphical representation of the heart's electrical activity over time.
The
P wave represents the
depolarization of the atria, which is the process by which the atria contract to push blood into the ventricles. This wave is typically small and can sometimes be difficult to see, especially in individuals with certain heart conditions.
The
QRS complex is a larger, more prominent wave that signifies the
depolarization of the ventricles. This is a critical phase where the ventricles contract to pump blood out to the body. The
Q wave is the first negative deflection, the
R wave is the first positive deflection, and the
S wave is the subsequent negative deflection following the R wave.
Following the QRS complex, the
T wave represents the
repolarization of the ventricles, which is the process by which the ventricles return to their resting state after contraction. This is important for the heart's preparation for the next beat.
In summary, the ECG's
P wave,
QRS complex, and
T wave correspond to the atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular repolarization, respectively.
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