As a medical expert, I can tell you that the end stage of kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), represents the most severe phase of chronic kidney disease. When kidneys fail, it means they are no longer able to function at a level that sustains life without the assistance of dialysis or a kidney transplant. At this point, the kidneys can't adequately filter waste products from the blood, leading to a toxic buildup of these substances in the body. This can cause a range of symptoms and complications, including水肿 (swelling), 高血压 (high blood pressure), 疲劳 (fatigue), and 更严重的症状 (more severe symptoms) that can affect various systems within the body. read more >>

Kidney failure, also called end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is the last stage of chronic kidney disease. When your kidneys fail, it means they have stopped working well enough for you to survive without dialysis or a kidney transplant.read more >>