As a dermatologist with extensive experience in the field of skin pigmentation disorders, I am well-equipped to discuss the various factors that can lead to pigmentation changes in the skin. Pigmentation is a complex process that is influenced by a multitude of factors, including genetics, environmental influences, hormonal changes, and certain medical conditions.

Melanin, as you correctly pointed out, is the key pigment responsible for the color of the skin. It is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, which are found in the basal layer of the epidermis. The amount and type of melanin produced by these cells, as well as its distribution, determine an individual's skin color. Melanin also plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing UV rays and dissipating the energy as heat.

Pigmentation disorders can be broadly classified into two categories: hyperpigmentation, where there is an excess of melanin, and hypopigmentation, where there is a deficiency. The causes of pigmentation disorders are varied and can include:


1. Genetic factors: Certain conditions such as alread more >>

Melanin is the pigment that gives the skin its characteristic color. Vitiligo is caused by a loss of pigment in the skin, due to destruction of pigment-forming cells known as melanocytes. Although vitiligo affects all races equally, it is more noticeable in dark-skinned people. Vitiligo can cause cosmetic problems.read more >>