As a healthcare professional with expertise in emergency medical services, I can provide you with the most current guidelines on performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The frequency and technique of chest compressions are crucial in ensuring the effectiveness of CPR.

When it comes to the rate of chest compressions, the American Heart Association (AHA) and other international resuscitation councils recommend a consistent rate of approximately 100 to 120 compressions per minute. This guideline is based on extensive research and clinical trials that show this rate to be most effective in maintaining blood flow to vital organs during a cardiac arrest.

The two common ratios for CPR are:

1. 30 compressions to two breaths: This is the traditional CPR ratio. It is recommended for rescuers who are willing and able to perform rescue breaths. The compressions should be performed at a rate of about 100 compressions per minute, and the breaths should be given at a rate of about 8 to 10 breaths per minute.

2. Continuous compressions: If a rescuer is unwilling or unable to perform rescue breaths, they can perform continuous chest compressions at a rate of approximately 100 compressions per minute without pauses for breaths. This method has been shown to be effective and is encouraged when rescue breaths are not feasible.

It's important to note that the quality of compressions is just as important as the rate. Compressions should be:
- Hard and fast: Ensure that each compression is deep enough to depress the chest wall about 2 inches (5 cm) for adults.
- Allowing full chest recoil: After each compression, allow the chest to fully rise before the next compression.
- Minimizing interruptions: Try to avoid any breaks in compressions, as this can significantly reduce the effectiveness of CPR.

In addition, it's crucial to start CPR as soon as possible when someone is unresponsive and not breathing normally. Early intervention can greatly improve the chances of survival and neurological recovery.

Remember, CPR is a critical life-saving skill that can make a significant difference in an emergency situation. It's always a good idea to receive formal training from a certified instructor to ensure you are performing CPR correctly.

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The rate is either: 30 compressions to two breaths (mouth-to-mouth as per step 7) aiming for 100 compressions and no more than eight breaths per minute, OR. If unwilling to do mouth-to-mouth, perform continuous compressions at a rate of approximately 100 per minute.read more >>