As a pulmonologist with extensive experience in treating patients with chronic respiratory diseases, I can provide you with a detailed understanding of the symptoms associated with end-stage Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). End-stage COPD is characterized by severe and persistent symptoms that significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Here are some of the most common symptoms: 1. Severe Shortness of Breath: Even at rest, patients may experience extreme difficulty in breathing. 2. Increased Respiratory Infections: Frequent lung infections, such as bronchitis and pneumonia, are common. 3. Constant Cough: This may produce large amounts of mucus, sometimes tinged with blood. 4. Chest Pain: This can be a result of the lungs struggling for oxygen. 5. Fatigue and Weakness: The body's constant struggle to breathe can lead to overall tiredness and lack of energy. 6. Loss of Appetite and Weight Loss: Difficulty breathing can reduce the desire to eat and lead to unintentional weight loss. 7. Anxiety and Depression: The physical limitations and the impact on daily life can lead to mental health issues. 8. Fluid Retention: This can cause swelling in the ankles, legs, or abdomen. 9. Long-Term Home Oxygen: Many patients require supplemental oxygen continuously due to low oxygen levels in the blood. 10. Disrupted Sleep: Difficulty breathing can lead to poor sleep quality and insomnia. 11. Reduced Exercise Tolerance: Patients may find even light activities increasingly difficult. 12. Cyanosis: A bluish discoloration of the skin and lips due to low oxygen levels. 13. Cor Pulmonale: An enlarged heart due to the strain of trying to pump blood through diseased lungs. It's important to note that while these symptoms are indicative of end-stage COPD, the presentation can vary from person to person. Treatment often focuses on managing these symptoms to improve the patient's quality of life, which may include the use of inhalers, tablets, nebulizers, and long-term oxygen therapy. read more >>

Controlling symptomsBreathing. Breathing might be improved by using inhalers, tablets and occasionally nebulisers. ... Long-term home oxygen. ... Anxiety and depression. ... Fluid retention. ... Loss of appetite. ... Coughing. ... Chest pain. ... Fatigue (tiredness) and disturbed sleep.More items...read more >>