Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels and is a leading cause of death globally. It includes coronary artery diseases (CAD), which are responsible for conditions like angina and myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack. Other types of CVD include cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke, and peripheral artery disease, which affects the limbs. Risk factors for CVD can be a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, including smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, and stress. Treatment and management often involve lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgical interventions.
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